If you are looking for a new roof for your home, polymer roofing shingles could give the ideal construction material for you. Sunbrella fabrics have been certified by GreenGuard Children and Schools due to the fact the chemical compounds employed in acrylic production are bound in the polymer – in other words, they do not evaporate. This occurs in the polymerization of PET polyester The monomers are terephthalic acid (HOOC—C6H4—COOH) and ethylene glycol (HO—CH2—CH2—OH) but the repeating unit is —OC—C6H4—COO—CH2—CH2——, which corresponds to the mixture of the two monomers with the loss of two water molecules. Polymers can also make possible goods that do not readily come from the all-natural planet, such as clear sheets and flexible films. An option for plastics that are not recycled, particularly those that are soiled, such as used meals wrap or diapers, can be a waste-to-energy technique (WTE). Mitsubishi Chemical is also undertaking the improvement, the production and the sale of the compound which give a new function to BioPBSusing outstanding compatibility and biodegradablility of BioPBS. We test a wide spectrum of properties that could be impacted by fluid interactions, including mechanical strength, chemical deterioration and material swelling. Once these polymers are formed, reheating will trigger the material to eventually degrade, but not melt. The textile industry’s chemically infused effluent – filled with PBDEs, phthalates, organochlorines, lead and a host of other chemical substances that have been established to result in a range of human overall health problems – is routinely dumped into our waterways untreated. Plastic manufacturing now uses four% of the world’s oil production annually. We are an International Recruitment Specialist organization for the Chemical and Polymer (Plastics Rubber, Composites, Polyurethane, Adhesives & Textile) sector. Indian benefit lies in the production of required chemical compounds that are also referred to as commodity chemical compounds. A number of application areas can be identified in which FD-MS can play an crucial role in the characterization of nolymer chemical compounds in sector. According to Brainly, far more than 80% of chemical companies in India and about the planet are focused on making polymers and plastics. With respect to migration properties, pick additives that are suitable for the atmosphere in which the plastic product will be employed (specifically with regard to temperature). Global Antimony Market, has been ready based on an in-depth market evaluation, with inputs from market experts. Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemical substances has agreed to divest its ADC Monomer business to Excellent Lakes Chemical compounds Corporation for an undisclosed quantity. Recycled plastics are utilised to make polymeric timbers for use in picnic tables, fences and outdoor playgrounds, as a result supplying low maintenance, no splinters merchandise and saving organic lumber. 740 manufacturing equipment for polymer chemicals stock photos, vectors, and illustrations are accessible royalty-cost-free. India ranks 3rd in generating agrochemicals globally. In reality, according to the new 2009 Conscious Customer Report from BBMG , there are now more than 400 distinct certifications connected to green” and environmental attributes of merchandise and solutions. Integrated in this group of chemical vehicle care products are such components as polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE), and polyisocyanate. Furthermore, they are also utilized as raw materials for making higher temperature fuel cells in the chemical manufacturing sector. During the polymerization approach, some chemical groups may be lost from every single monomer. The majority of polymers are derived from oil chemical compounds, despite the fact that there are some naturally occurring polymers such as all-natural rubber and cellulose. In conclusion, it is a deep analysis report on worldwide 4-Fluoro Biphenyl business. For international and China market place evaluation, the report analyzes Benzyl Bromide markets in China and other nations or regions (such as US, Europe, Japan, etc) by presenting research on worldwide merchandise of different kinds and applications, developments and trends of market place, technology, competitive landscape, and top suppliers’ and countries’ 2009-2014 capacity, production, cost, price, profit, production value, and gross margin. International Sourcing firms like KPL international in India provide all the required raw components, with good high quality and low cost rates. That implies that the chemical substances used during processing – the optical brighteners, texturizers, dyes, softeners, detergents, bleaches and all others – most likely include some of the chemical substances which have been found to be dangerous to living things.
At the doctoral level, the varied specialization options consist of Heat Transfer, Energy management, Biochemical Engineering, Separation Processes, Pulp and Paper, Fluid Mechanics, Polymer science, and Reaction Engineering. Cattle concentrate these chemical substances by bioaccummulation due to the fact EDC’s from plastics are ubiquitous in water and most animal meals sources. In addition, the common contains environmental processing criteria and strick raw material specification (water therapy and chemical use is primarily based on GOTS and Oeko-Tex 100) and social responsibility is incorporated – which guarantees workers well being and security and upholds workers rights in accordance with International Labor Organisation (ILO) criteria. The International Antimony marketplace can be divided on the basis of Applications into the following segments: Fire Retarding Agent, Lead Batteries, Alloy-strengthening Agent, Catalyst, Ceramics, and Other individuals. Polymers can be utilised for many devices combining special optical, electrical, and mechanical properties. Under, the covering of the cable is a block co-polymer of the two alkenes, giving a very difficult material with rubber-like properties. Oeko Tex one hundred is solution certain – they don’t appear at processing (i.e., water therapy, workers rights, emissions, sludge), it only implies that the finished solution (fabric, yarn, clothes, and so forth.) has limit values for chemical substances which are under the threshold limits on the Oeko Tex list, with many especially prohibited. Chemicals and cleaning products are essential in the aircraft washing enterprise and you need to recognize which ones can and can’t be used on which surfaces, for corrosion protection and new high-tech lightweight paints. Standard formulation understanding of key technologies in property care merchandise like surfactant, builder, enzymes and polymers is essential. This includes pretreatment of the cooling tower makeup, keeping the mineral solids soluble, employing crystal modifiers, and the application of different cooling water polymers. Raw components and foodstuffs industries. BULWARK Chemical substances For Building Supplies Supplier In Gujarat, Construction Components Supplier In India, Building Components Supplier In Ahmedabad , Building Materials In Ahmedabad, Building Components In Gujarat, Construction Supplies In India. Overall the chemical properties of a polymer are essential elements for designing new polymeric material products. To achieve this bold objective, we’re innovating efficient ways to close energy and material cycles, pushing the boundaries of what is possible with polymers. I would strongly advise customers to obtain beverages and non-solid food products packaged in glass rather than plastic if provided the selection. Exceed XP functionality PE polymers offer you step-out mechanical overall performance and outstanding processability for a wide variety of applications. Fabrics completed with PFCs have nonstick properties this family members of chemical substances is utilised in virtually all the stain repellant finishes on the industry these days. This tends to improve the free of charge energy of mixing for polymer solutions and thereby producing solvation much less favorable, and thereby generating the availability of concentrated solutions of polymers far rarer than these of modest molecules. To manage the Plant Operations, Production, QA, Projects, Streamlining Processes and Enhancing Productivity. Losses from the polymer-chemical operations final year offset income in fine and pharmaceutical chemical substances for a total division loss of $9 million, an Upjohn spokesman stated. It adds new chapters on controlled polymerization and chain conformations while expanding and updating material on topics such as catalysis and synthesis, viscoelasticity, rubber elasticity, glass transition, crystallization, answer properties, thermodynamics, and light scattering. The polymer is what protects the steel from external aspects causing corrosions like chemical substances, water, soil and climate. LOTTE Chemical stabilized the provide of merchandise by means of vertical integration of raw components and items, and strives to create new products that meet the users’ demands. Plastic from soft drink and water bottles can be spun into fiber for the production of carpet or created into new food bottles. Conductive nature, these chemical substances are utilized in a wide variety of applications, primarily in the electronics industry. This unit offers an overview of the primary varieties of polymers characterised by how they are made, how their structures govern their general properties and how these properties can be refined by their formulation making use of a range of additives.
Some polymers float in water although other people sink. If you are a skilled in a salon, it is likely that you might suffer from overexposure to all or any of these chemicals and may create a reaction after a period of time. Polymers can be processed in a variety of methods. MMA, the crucial raw material utilised for the production of PMMA, is an unsaturated ester broadly utilized to produce polymers for a wide range of industrial and consumer applications, including surface coatings, injection molding and extrusion, and various transparent effect-resistant plastic sheets. The properties of several plastics can be modified by varying their formulation. From the raw material to the production process to the labour expense, practically nothing is low-cost in this business. This tends to make them suitable for a quite massive range of applications: they’ve been employed for more than 50 years in a wide assortment of goods. Despite the fact that researchers have conducted a quantity of research on the well being dangers of individual supplies, this scattershot method cannot provide a comprehensive image of the hazards—quantitative information on what components, in what concentrations, impact the physique over what timescales. The majority of PET polymer capacity, production, and consumption is now positioned in Asia. ADC Monomers are utilised in the optical industry for the production of lenses. The polymer materials are extremely robust, and they will not break, crack, or crumble as time moves on. An amorphous arrangement of molecules has no lengthy-range order or kind in which the polymer chains arrange themselves. Processing time is about 30 minutes for a batch of polymer stamps. Our specialists bring you insight into your material’s chemical composition and ‘fingerprint’, helping you to comprehend degradation and functionality over the goods lifetime: invaluable for guaranteeing that the material is the optimum choice. The common has strict environmental processing criteria in place in addition to percentage content of recycled product – it includes wastewater remedy as properly as chemical use that is based on the Global Organic Textile Common (GOTS) and the Oeko-Tex 100. Global SAP Market place 2015-2019, has been ready primarily based on an in-depth marketplace analysis with inputs from business professionals. Table 5 Additives utilised to improve the properties of plastics. Impart specially needed properties to the plastic for the manufacturing procedure or for end-use. Some of the major players operating in the international polymer concrete marketplace are Sika AG (Switzerland), MAPEI Corporation (Italy), Fosroc. There exist a vast application of petrochemical products created from polymers, synthetic fibers, polymers, and fiber intermediaries in the industrial and domestic sectors. Yet another item that we see typically in the automobile care item business is Silicone fluid, which is a quick chain polymer identified as polydimethyl siloxane. The polymer modified concrete was the largest segment in the worldwide polymer concrete marketplace by class in 2017 and is expected to show increasing demand for the duration of the forecast period 2018-2023 owing to its increasing applications in creating & maintenance, asphalt pavements, marine applications, industrial tanks & containment, and other industrial & industrial and infrastructural projects. Like tensile strength, this is very relevant in polymer applications involving the physical properties of polymers, such as rubber bands. Our polymer chemical laboratories utilise a wide variety of techniques such as spectroscopy, microscopy and chromatography, with a combined information base which contains strategy improvement and validation, and with market regular test approaches to make certain a material meets compliance specifications. The companies operating in the chemical business consists of two significant units small-scale and massive units (such as MNCs). The water employed is generally returned to our ecosystem without therapy – which means that the wastewater which is returned to our streams contains all of the process chemical compounds utilised in the course of milling. Some plastics can be composted either because of special additives or since of the construction of the polymers. Plastics are utilized to line landfills so that leachate is captured and groundwater is not polluted. As the world’s leading supplier of renewable oils, we have the capacity to enable the chemical industry to give their consumers with chemical compounds and plastics made in massive scale from renewable raw components. Great Lakes Chemical Corporation (NYSE: GLK) is the world’s top producer of a variety of specialty chemical substances for such applications as flame retardants, polymer stabilizers, fire extinguishers, water remedy, as well as a increasing line of functionality and fine chemicals for the life science business.
The important players in the Flame Retardant Chemical substances market place consist of Akzo Nobel Polymer Chemical compounds LLC, Clariant AG, Martinswerk GmbH, DIC Corporation, Dover Chemical Corporation, Royal DSM NV, ICL Industrial Items, Supresta LLC, Synalloy Corporation and The Dow Chemical Organization. Until milk firms have their items quantatatively analysed for these EDC’s by competent independent laboratories, my robust recommendation is to steer clear of buy and consumption of milk and dairy products contained in plastic. The method chemical compounds used by the mills are utilised on organic fibers just as they are used on polyesters and conventionally made natural fibers. This report also presents Benzyl Bromide item specification, manufacturing approach, and item cost structure and so forth. These are the major chemical cleaning merchandise employed by specialist cleaners in industrial settings. SAP is utilised in a wide variety of applications, such as child diapers adult incontinence merchandise feminine hygiene merchandise and agriculture, mining, medical, and associated applications. Global four-Nitrostyrene Sector 2015 Deep Market place Investigation Report is a expert and deep investigation report in this field. PTFE or Teflon on the other hand, has a very higher melting point as a polymer, and is nigh impossible to use for custom tubing via an extrusion method, unless particular preparations are created in advance prior to production begins. The report consists of six parts, dealing with: 1.) fundamental data 2.) the Asia Industrial Abrasives market 3.) the North American Industrial Abrasives business 4.) the European Industrial Abrasives business five.) market entry and investment feasibility and 6.) the report conclusion. Increasing use of plastic packaging in widespread applications, which includes food and beverages, personal care, household care, customer electronics, and building, is probably to drive business development more than the forecast period. Saudi Polymers Company is recognized across the Middle East region and even in International states for high quality production. Apart from being lightweight and versatile, nylon also facilitates higher design and style flexibility, which enables production of advanced shapes with out compromising the security and stability of merchandise. Some bioplastics do decompose to carbon dioxide and water, nonetheless, in specially made food waste commercial composting facilities ONLY. Covestro is a globe-top supplier of high-tech polymer supplies: revolutionary, sustainable and diverse. My company The Aircraft Wash Guys does not do the volume to afford to be in the enterprise of chemical substances, due to the fees to make them and the more than regulations in the market so we cannot sell you any. The sorting of polymer waste for recycling purposes may possibly be facilitated by the use of the resin identification codes developed by the Society of the Plastics Market to determine the variety of plastic. The Worldwide Rubber Processing Chemical compounds Industry segmented on the basis of Solution, Application, and Area. Biopolymers are the structural and functional materials that comprise most of the organic matter in organisms. The microstructure of a polymer (sometimes named configuration) relates to the physical arrangement of monomer residues along the backbone of the chain. Optical brighteners are a broad classification of several various synthetic chemicals that, when applied to clothing, convert UV light wavelengths to visible light, hence creating laundered clothing seem “whiter.” Their inclusion in any formula does not enhance or influence the product’s overall performance in any way they basically trick the eye. Plastic supplies identified under a certain code can be mixed and recycled with other plastics of the same code. Growth of tire and automotive business has a direct influence on development of market for rubber processing chemical substances. What is also naturally missing from the Croatians’ controlled, static testing model are the temperature variations that the plastic bottled water solution goes through to get from bottling point to the mouth of the consumer. Chemical substances used for bleaching mechanical pulps which selectively destroy colouring impurities but leave the lignin and cellulose material intact. Polymers with side chains can be divided into two classes, one particular (stereoregular) which has a recurring pattern in terms of stereochemistry and one (atactic) with no normal structure.
The Company’s principal activity is to manufacture, industry and sell Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC), Vinyl Chloride Monomer (VCM), Caustic soda and other associated chemical substances. A little % of the monomers escape throughout production (off gassing or into water), which have environmental consequences. With experience in polymer formulation assistance, our authorities can help your solution improvement, competitor polymer material deformulation, comparative composition evaluation of blends and regulatory submission information specifications. But they are frequently very anisotropic, and due to the fact they are bound by polymers, their properties can change radically with a modest modify in temperature. When enough utilised plastic things can be gathered with each other, organizations develop technology to recycle those utilized plastics. Manufactured polymers can also be 1-dimensional chains that can be melted. Of applications and components with functionalised surfaces. These items are typically utilised at low dosages of up to five ppm as 100% active polymer. So it is very best to choose natural chemical compounds that are environment friendly and can aid you create environment friendly items. Automotive and aerospace organizations are constantly capitalizing their research and development operations to bring in sophisticated options for escalating fuel efficiency of the automobiles by replacing conventional components. With the comprehensive information about the publishers and the industries they cater to for developing marketplace analysis reports, we support our consumers in producing buy selection by understanding their requirements and suggesting greatest feasible collection matching their wants. Industrial tanks & containments, asphalt pavement, and constructing & upkeep activities are likely drive the worldwide polymer concrete market place owing to fast industrialization & urbanization in emerging economies, growing developing & renovation business in developed regions, and ongoing infrastructural activities across the globe over the forecast period. When it comes to high quality in terms of functionality, purity, cost and timely delivery of the products, we are counted among the prime. Now then, yes, soaps and detergents can cause troubles for composites, it is a massive problem, plus water usually gets where paint and coating are not, along with residue and excess materials. Polymer Valley Chemicals, Inc. Epoxies and chains containing aromatic functionalities are specially susceptible to UV degradation although polyesters are susceptible to degradation by hydrolysis Polymers containing an unsaturated backbone degrade by way of ozone cracking Carbon based polymers are much more susceptible to thermal degradation than inorganic polymers such as polydimethylsiloxane and are as a result not perfect for most high-temperature applications. Chemical reactions have been noticed to take spot among the particle surface of reactive polymers such as polyacrylic esters and calcium ions in the hydrating cement. The main differences amongst smaller sized molecules and polymers lie not with their chemical properties but with their physical ones. 43 44 Polymers with two or three blocks of two distinct chemical species (e.g., A and B) are called diblock copolymers and triblock copolymers, respectively. Frequent problems during molding and production processes and the corrective measures are explained beneath. Polymers are made by chemically reacting a lot of small molecules with each other to make 1 long molecule, like a string of beads. Fogging refers to the phenomenon in which additives volatilize from polymers, so that they adhere to and fog the glass or walls etc., impairing the design aesthetics of the item. The vinyl, acrylate, and latex segments are also vital for the global polymer concrete market more than the forecast period. 49 In melt and resolution, polymers tend to kind a continually changing “statistical cluster”, see freely-jointed-chain model In the strong state , the respective conformations of the molecules are frozen. These requirements are utilized worldwide for monitoring pollutants originating from industrial chemical goods such as polymers. Some plastics have always been created from renewable supplies such as cellulose acetate utilized for screwdriver handles and gift ribbon. Polymer Chemicals Inc. In conclusion, it is a deep investigation report on global 4 B Acid business. On the basis of the finish-user sector, the global polymer concrete industry is segmented into residential, commercial, industrial, and infrastructure.
two) Telomerisation: chemical equivalent of creating a daisy chain: produces mini polymers by joining single units together in chains. Numerous a time, they’re also burned, mixed with soda ash, and exposed to a myriad of chemical compounds to refine the sugar. Polymers can be produced into clear, waterproof films. Witton has worked hard to establish a reputation for providing a fast, flexible and efficient service taking merchandise to the marketplace speedily. Our comprehensive polymer chemical resistance plan includes testing for a wide variety of chemicals identified in operating environments, from hydrocarbons to aqueous systems. There are two theroies for why the properties of concrete are impoved ith the addition of polymers. The international textile market has been undergoing speedy adjustments owing to escalating concentrate of industry participants on introducing sustainable and eco-friendly fabrics. Various polymer structures can be developed based on the monomers and reaction circumstances: A polymer could consist of linear macromolecules containing every only a single unbranched chain. For international and China market place evaluation, the report analyzes 4-Chloronitrobenzene markets in China and other countries or regions (such as US, Europe, Japan, and so on) by presenting investigation on worldwide goods of various varieties and applications, developments and trends of market place, technologies, competitive landscape, and top suppliers’ and countries’ 2009-2014 capacity, production, cost, price, profit, production worth, and gross margin. We for that reason really feel confident that FD-MS will turn into increasingly crucial in the characterization of polymer chemicals in the future. Predictions are that the demand for chemical goods will grow by around 9% per annum over the subsequent 5 years. On the GreenGuard web site, for example, it lists 1943 person merchandise, but all 1943 items are manufactured by only 20 big, properly-known firms. In polymers, crystallization and melting do not suggest solid-liquid phase transitions, as in the case of water or other molecular fluids. The fluoropolymer manufacturers are enhancing their processes and minimizing their waste in order to reduce the quantity of PFOA supplies utilized. Solvay is a planet leader in higher-performance Specialty Polymers, we supply you with the broadest selection of advanced materials Our offer you is exclusive. International Sourcing has created it basic and convenient for a variety of industries to work with and discover raw supplies from other nations. Applications for recycled plastics are increasing each day. Our businesses & entrepreneurs function hard to create products and solutions that outperform these of our competitors and enable our customers’ good results. For overview evaluation, the report introduces 4-Chloronitrobenzene basic info including definition, classification, application, sector chain structure, business overview, policy analysis, and news analysis, etc. Plastic and rubber, with each other with adhesives, resin and fibres, from a group material named polymers. Proper from preservatives to taste enhancers, various sorts of chemical compounds assist to improve the shelf-life of goods, while improving the taste significantly. It appears like the plastic bottle is here to remain, in spite of publicity about bisphenol A and other chemicals that may possibly leach into liquids inside the bottle. Our deliverable is certainty – higher good quality information, test reports and certificates that you can absolutely rely on when making decisions about your supplies and compliance. In condensation polymerization, polymerization of a single or far more monomers is accompanied by the elimination of little molecules (such as water or ammonia) (Table two). For instance, in making polyamide 6,six, two monomers are utilised. Engro Polymer & Chemical compounds Limited (EPCL) is the only completely integrated Chlor-Vinyl chemical complicated in Pakistan. Processing converts plastics into useful articles. This would be quite labor intensive and would need a lot of monitoring (all of which adds to the cost of production – and don’t forget, recycled polyester now is fashion’s darling due to the fact it’s so inexpensive!). The Global Polymer Gel Industry is expected to reach USD 7.93 million by 2025, according to a new report by Grand View Investigation, Inc. The fluoropolymer segment accounted the largest market share in 2016 on account of its widespread use in the manufacturing of plastics, coatings, optical, medical, & electronic devices.
BULWARK flow G is a concentrated, prepared to use aqueous resolution of organic polymers with higher plasticizing impact. This would be quite labor intensive and would need a lot of monitoring, all of which adds to the expense of production – and don’t overlook, recycled polyester now is fashion’s darling simply because it’s so cheap, so these manufacturer’s wouldn’t be anticipated to increase expenses. It protects ferrous and non-ferrous materials from corrosive chemical compounds. Some of the key players in the international polymer concrete industry are Sika AG (Switzerland), MAPEI Corporation (Italy), Fosroc Inc. Dumps specified amount of chemical substances, such as polymer, salt, and potassium permanganate into chemical feeders. Table six Approaches of processing plastics. This is to inform you that Mr. Omar Yaqoob Sheikh has tendered his resignation as a Director on the Board of Engro Polymer & Chemical compounds, w.e.f October 8,2016. Some of the key players in the worldwide polymer concrete market are Sika AG (Switzerland), MAPEI Corporation (Italy), Fosroc. More than the last 70 years, synthetic polymers have been invented, usually mimicking nature and they are now manufactured in millions of tonnes a year and are 1 of the most essential components we use. When a polymer is dispersed or dissolved in a liquid, such as in commercial merchandise like paints and glues, the chemical properties and molecular interactions influence how the resolution flows and can even lead to self-assembly of the polymer into complex structures. Perfluorochemicals (PFC’s) are the only chemical compounds capable of repelling water, oil and other liquids that lead to stains. These chains are THERMOPLASTIC polymers and are also named LINEAR polymers. Recycled plastics can be blended with virgin plastic (plastic that has not been processed ahead of) with out sacrificing properties in numerous applications. Metallic stearates and amide waxes are generally utilized in the extrusion and injection of plastic polymers to control the viscosity in the course of the approach and give the needed mechanical properties. Cradle to Cradle and GreenGuard can cost really a bit, so when you appear on the net web sites to locate which merchandise have these certifications, you see largely big, effectively established companies which can afford to absorb the certification charges. Synthetic polymers may possibly consist of each crystalline and amorphous regions the degree of crystallinity may be expressed in terms of a weight fraction or volume fraction of crystalline material. Rigid polyurethane foam is a single of the most successful sensible thermal insulation components, employed in applications ranging from buildings to the modest domestic refrigerator. I have long been concerned about the rampant acceptance of recycled polyester as a green option when no mention has been created of processing chemicals, water therapy or workers rights, so we welcome this new GRS certification, which makes it possible for us to be a lot more aware of what we’re actually acquiring when we attempt to do good”. Akzo Nobel, based in the Netherlands, serves buyers all through the world with healthcare items, coatings and chemical substances. That distinction is what ensures that this material is powerful enough to withstand abrasion and influence much better than lower level poly goods. UAC Advance Polymer & Chemical substances Co., Ltd. Phthalates are able to leach out of these items as they are not bonded to the plastic. At Polymer Options Group, we strive to make our customers’ products the best they can be. Within the walls of each and every PSG firm we nurture a commitment to consumer-centric innovation that demands deep knowledge of the markets we serve. For international and China industry evaluation, the report analyzes four-Nitrostyrene markets in China and other countries or regions (such as US, Europe, Japan, etc) by presenting research on worldwide items of various types and applications, developments and trends of market, technologies, competitive landscape, and major suppliers’ and countries’ 2009-2014 capacity, production, expense, value, profit, production value, and gross margin. If bubbling is noticed, right away wipe it as this the usual chemical reaction if the material is a plastic. Linking numerous strips of building paper together to make paper garlands or hooking together hundreds of paper clips to type chains, or stringing beads assists visualize polymers. Co-polymers are quite helpful as they have the properties of the constituent polymers and hence can be made for certain purposes.